Kumbali imodzi, idzakhala yogwira ntchito kwambiri, ndikutsata nthawi zonse ungwiro wa ntchito ya mankhwala ndi kuwonjezera moyo wautumiki;Kumbali ina, pamene tikukonza zinthu zabwino, tidzayesetsa kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo wa zipangizo ndi ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito, kuti tipeze phindu lalikulu.
Zopangira zapakati komanso zazikulu zowomba
Mfundo zitatu zazikuluzikulu ziyenera kuganiziridwa popanga mapangidwe a zinthu zowomba:
1) Yesetsani kukumana ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopanda pake;
2) The pulasitiki zopangira chilinganizo ali bwino processing ntchito;
3) Chepetsani mtengo wopangira popanga mapangidwe ndi kukonza.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha kukula kwa extrusion kuwomba akamaumba mankhwala ndi uinjiniya kuthandiza osiyanasiyana, ntchito nkhonya akamaumba mankhwala kuika patsogolo luso luso.Monga magalimoto, galimoto, makampani othamanga kwambiri njanji, ndege, ndege, navigation, makina, zamagetsi, mankhwala, kukumana, kulongedza mankhwala, chakudya ndi chakumwa ma CD, tsiku banja, ulimi, ntchito uinjiniya, pamwamba thupi akuyandama ndi mafakitale ena ambiri kuthandiza. kuwomba akamaumba zinthu ndi zina zotero, mphamvu High, kuuma mkulu, mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri, moyo wautali ndi kukana kutentha wabwino zimafunika pa pulasitiki kuwomba akamaumba.Chifukwa chake, kusinthidwa kwa zinthu zowombeza izi ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Njira zosinthira pulasitiki makamaka zimaphatikizanso kusintha kwa thupi komanso kusintha kwamankhwala.Kusintha kwa Chemical kumatanthauza njira zosinthira zomwe zimasintha mitundu ndi kuphatikiza kwa ma atomu kapena magulu pamamolekyu a ma polima pogwiritsa ntchito njira zama mankhwala.Mapulasitiki amatha kupanga zida zatsopano za polima pogwiritsa ntchito block copolymerization, graft copolymerization, cross-linking reaction, kapena poyambitsa magulu atsopano ogwira ntchito.Kusintha kwa mankhwala kungapangitse kuti chinthucho chipeze ntchito zatsopano kapena zinthu zabwino zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala.
Pogwiritsira ntchito njira yosinthira zinthu zowumbidwa ndi extrusion blower, ukadaulo wosinthira thupi umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuposa ukadaulo wosinthira mankhwala.Ukadaulo wosinthika wazinthu zopangira ma extrusion blowing umagwiritsidwa ntchito motere: ① kudzaza kusinthidwa;② Kusintha kophatikiza;③ kusinthidwa kowonjezera;(4) toughening kusinthidwa;(5) nano-composite kusinthidwa;⑥ Ntchito kusinthidwa ndi zina zotero.
1. Ukadaulo wopangira zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri
1) 25L chidebe cha pulasitiki, onani Gulu 1.
25L chidebe cha pulasitiki
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera mumndandanda womwe uli mu Gulu 1 kuti mitundu iwiri ya HDPE imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, ndipo kulimba, kulimba ndi kulimba kwa zinthu zowumbidwa ndi nkhonya zitha kutsimikizika kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira za ndowa zapulasitiki za 25L.
Zosakaniza ziwiri zazikulu mu chilinganizo zimakonzedwa pakati.Pogwiritsira ntchito, gawo lazosakaniza zazikulu mu fomula likhoza kusinthidwa malinga ndi zosowa zosiyanasiyana.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kusankha mtundu wa zosakaniza zazikulu zingathenso kusankhidwa molingana ndi momwe zinthu zilili pamsika.
2) Mapangidwe kapangidwe ka mbiya zomangira zapulasitiki zopanda pake pama Chemicals owopsa:
Monga: kuyesa ng'oma yonyamula chidebe cha 25L, kulemera kwa ng'oma ndi 1800g.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhala ndi nitric acid wa 68.2%.Kukaniza kwa chidebe choyera cha HDPE ku nitric acid sikukwanira, koma kukana kwa HDPE ku nitric acid kumatha kusintha kwambiri powonjezera polima moyenerera.Ndiye kuti, EVA ndi LC amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha HDPE kuti apange chidebe choyikamo cha nitric acid.Njira yoyesera ikuwonetsedwa mu Table 2.
Fomula ya mbiya yopakira pulasitiki yopanda mankhwala owopsa
Mu Table 2, HDPE ndi HHM5205, ndi kusungunula mlingo MFI=0.35g/10min.EVA 560, kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa MFI = 3.5g / 10min, kachulukidwe = 0.93, VA yokhutira 14%;Low molecular modifier LC, yopangidwa ku China, kalasi yamafakitale.Zotsatira zoyeserera za ng'oma zolongedza zomwe zakonzedwa ndi ma formula atatu omwe ali pamwambawa akuwonetsedwa mu Gulu 3. Mapangidwe atatu omwe ali pamwambawa ali oyenerera ndikuwunika wamba.Komabe, chifukwa munali anaikira nitric asidi, chilinganizo 1 mwezi pambuyo anang'ambika, kotero si oyenera munali chigawo cha nitric asidi;Chilinganizo 2 6 months pambuyo dontho mayeso mbiya anathyoka, osayenera, ngakhale mayesero ena wadutsa, ngati ntchito muli anaikira nitric asidi ndi oopsa, ali osavomerezeka ntchito;
Sing'anga ndi lalikulu dzenje kuwomba akamaumba mankhwala chiphunzitso luso
Fomula 3 Monga momwe tawonetsera mu Table 3-18, mayesero onse anali oyenerera patatha theka la chaka cha chigawo cha nitric acid.
Pomaliza, mutatha kuwonjezera EVA ndi LC mu HDPE, kukana kwa HDPE yosinthidwa kukhala nitric acid kumawongolera mwachiwonekere, ndipo kungagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga mbiya yodzaza nitric acid (68.4%).
3) Gome la pulasitiki la mipando ya pulasitiki yakunja.(Onani Gulu 4)
Zindikirani: 7000F ndi 6098 mu ndondomeko mu Table 4 ndi hdPe yokhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa maselo.18D ndi polyethylene yotsika kwambiri.
EVA imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chothandizira pokonza fomulayi kuti apititse patsogolo mawonekedwe azinthu zowumbidwa ndi kuwombera ndikuwonjezera kukana kwake.Ndipo imakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yolimbana ndi kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe.
4) Kuti mupange zotengera zowumbidwa ndi 50-100L, onani Gulu 5.
Chitsanzo chothandizira chikukhudzana ndi tebulo la pulasitiki la mipando ya pulasitiki yakunja
Fomula mu Table 5 ikhoza kusinthidwa malinga ndi ntchito yeniyeni.
Mu ndondomeko yomwe ili mu Table 5, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha zipangizo za pulasitiki zokhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa maselo, mphamvu, kuuma ndi kutentha kwa zinthuzo kumawonjezeka, ndipo nthawi yolimbana ndi kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe imatalika.Opanga mankhwala amatha kusintha magawo osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pulasitiki malinga ndi zofunikira zazinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zaukadaulo.
5) 100-220L kuwomba zotengera kuumbidwa
Chifukwa wachibale maselo kulemera wamba mkulu kachulukidwe polyethylene utomoni si mkulu, monga HHM5502 utomoni ndi mmene nkhonya kuumbidwa ethylene ndi hexene copolymer ndi wachibale maselo kulemera pafupifupi 150,000, ngakhale mawotchi katundu, rigidity ndi pamwamba kuuma ndi zabwino, Koma Kulimbana ndi kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe ndi mphamvu yamphamvu ndizochepa, mphamvu yosungunuka siikwera, ndipo zochitika zowonongeka zimakhala zovuta kwambiri panthawi ya extrusion billet.Ngati utomoni kupanga 200L, ukonde kulemera 10.5kg pulasitiki VAT malinga ndi muyezo dziko mayeso dontho, padzakhala chodabwitsa chophukacho.Zitha kuwoneka kuti utomoni wokhala ndi mamolekyu ocheperako siwoyenera kupanga migolo yayikulu yapulasitiki yopitilira 100 ~ 200L.Kugwiritsa HMWHDPE utomoni ndi wachibale molecular kulemera kwa oposa 250 zikwi kuwomba akamaumba oposa 200L chidebe lalikulu mu zinthu zofanana mayeso dontho, kawirikawiri sizichitika kuphulika chodabwitsa, pa nthawi yomweyo mbiya khoma makulidwe ali zakhala bwino kwambiri, kukana kwa chidebe chachikulu ku mphamvu yakusokoneza chilengedwe kwachulukira kawiri.Choncho, popanga chilinganizo cha malita 100-220 lalikulu dzenje mbiya pulasitiki, wachibale molekyulu kulemera kuposa 250,000 ayenera kuonedwa ngati chizindikiro choyamba, kenako kachulukidwe utomoni.Kuchita zatsimikizira kuti, Pamene kachulukidwe utomoni ndi osiyanasiyana 0.945 ~ 0.955g/masentimita 3, kulimba ndi kupsyinjika akulimbana kukana mkulu molekyulu kulemera kwa HIGH-osalimba polyethylene utomoni mankhwala ndi bwino.
Pakupanga mafakitale, pamene kukana kwamphamvu ndi kupsinjika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zinthu kumafuna (monga thanki ya petulo, ndi zina zotero), utomoni wokhala ndi kachulukidwe ka 0.945g/cm 3 nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira;Yachiwiri ndi processing zimatha wachibale mosavuta.
Masiku ano, mayiko ambiri amapanga ndi kupanga zipangizo zapadera zopangira ndowa zazikulu zapulasitiki.Kulemera kwake kwa ma molekyulu, kusungunuka kwa madzi ndi kuchulukana kwachibale ndizoyenera kupanga zidebe zazikulu zapulasitiki zopanda kanthu.
Mu 200 L awiri L mphete kupanga chilinganizo cha owopsa phukusi mbiya, yaitali nkhonya akamaumba zinachitikira wasonyeza kuti ntchito zosiyanasiyana magulu a mkulu maselo kulemera polyethylene pulasitiki zopangira zipangizo kuphatikiza chilinganizo kupanga, mankhwala khalidwe kuposa pulasitiki limodzi. zopangira chilinganizo kukhazikika ndi ntchito zina zidzasintha kwambiri, chifukwa choyenera ichi chowopsa katundu mbiya katundu fakitale amaona zofunika kwambiri, Pofuna kuchepetsa kutayika kupanga chifukwa chimodzi pulasitiki zopangira.Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kukumbutsani kuti chifukwa cha zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito mwapadera ng'oma za 200L za L double L zowopsa za ng'oma, zimatsirizika kuchokera kuzinthu zambiri zothandiza kuti: Osachita mwachimbulimbuli pakuwumba kopanda phokoso kwazinthu zopangira pulasitiki ndikuwonjezera. mchere masterbatch kuchepetsa mtengo kapena kulimbitsa kuuma, kapena kukhudza kwambiri khalidwe la mankhwala, makamaka madzi owopsa katundu ma CD migolo, khalidwe la mankhwala adzakhala ovuta kuteteza mokwanira, mu Chinsinsi kusinthidwa luso akadali patsogolo. kafukufuku ndi chitukuko.
Extrusion kuwomba akamaumba mankhwala mochulukirachulukira, ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri pulasitiki zopangira, mitundu, zopangidwa ndi ambiri, kuchokera zenizeni za kupanga, kuwomba akamaumba opanga ayenera kupanga ndi kusintha chilinganizo cha mankhwala aliwonse. malinga ndi mawonekedwe awo azinthu, kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zabwino.Ukadaulo wamba wamba womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa ndi njira yodziwika bwino ya zinthu zina zowumbidwa wamba, ndipo akuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza za kupanga zida zomangira ma blow.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-28-2021